Three Tuning Machine Questions

[naccoachbob]

Several years ago I bought a Martin Guitar kit from a couple who both taught school and didn't feel like they could make the guitar. Naturally there were no instructions.
John or anyone, do you know what size hole I need to put for each tuning machine. It's a Dreadnaught.
What should the head stock have for it's thickness?
Finally I use the Peterson IStroboSoft app on my phone to tune my guitars. As it tunes, it gives the readings in cents with accuracy to 1/10th of a cent. My Les Paul Studio has its tuning machines with a 14:1 ratio. I don't know the ratio for my other guitars. Because of that ratio, I have to make very tiny adjustments to the machines to get the string tuned. I would like tuners with a higher ratio. Can someone suggest a vendor and models to replace the tuners on the Les Paul so that they would look appropriate, and let me home in on my tuning? Same thing on the other guitars; one is a Squier Strat, the other is my acoustic.
Ok that was more than 3 questions.
Any/all help is greatly appreciated.
Bob

[tippie53]

They used different tuners so you will have to test drill the holes. IF you have the closed back you want them to slip in the hole. If open back the ferule should be snug

Here is the hole layout: